Organizational Development and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Development and Change - Essay Example (Worley and Christopher, 2009:76) This paper analyses why climate change is classified to be a ‘super wicked’ problem, viable options for meaningful change and stakeholder engagement, how can we reach consensus on the global problem and the current state of the global players and their resistance to or acceptance of the problem in relation to organisational change. Global Climate Change as a Super Wicked Problem Climate Change resulting from human activity has been acknowledged as of the main problems affecting the world. It has been observed a remarkable effect on the natural and built environments (Horstmann, 2008). In general, global temperature has increased over the decades and this is mainly cause by human activity emanating from an increase in concentration of Green House Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere (Ainslie, 2001: 37). The present levels of GHG have reached the highest ever since the Industrial Revolution (Barkin, 2006: 59). In a move to evaluate the specific c hallenges facing the climate, we look at the tradition view of ‘wicked problems’. Wicked problems were viewed as lacking straightforward and simple solutions (Australian Public Service Commission, 2007: 23). However, recent studies have shown that climate change has more features than most ‘wicked problems’ thus qualifying it to be ‘a super wicked problem’. The policy characteristics are based on the features of adverse global climate change problems including, uncertainty, complexity and their long – term nature and the need for immediate intervention (Beinecke, 2009: 15). The characteristics of climate change as ‘a super wicked problem’ are explained as follows. First, there is no specific formulation of ‘a super wicked problem’ implying that we must establish the causes of the problems and its solutions in order to get a better understanding of the problem (Finegan, 2010: 123). Second, there is lack of a true solution to ‘a super wicked problem’ expressing that even though destructive human activity was stopped, there would be some level of climate change resulting from other factors. Third, ‘a super wicked problem’ is either good or bad not true or false. This is because for wicked problems, the quest is not to come up with the truth but rather to discover ways of mitigating the impact of climate change. Fourth, there is no sure or ultimate solution to ‘a super wicked problem’ as the proposed remedies may have negative effects that are not stated in advance. Fifth, all solutions to ‘a super wicked problem’ are a one shot activity and there is no chance to learn through trial and error, therefore, every attempt is considered to be important. Sixth, ‘a super wicked problem’ does not have a set of exhaustive solutions (Finegan, 2010: 123). The solutions to climate change are somewhat contested implying that there is no one s pecific solution that will stabilize GHG emission, it can only reduce it. Seventh, every ‘super wicked problem’ is considered to be unique. For instance, climate change varies across nations, communities and ecosystems (Lovejoy, 2005: 15). Eight, every wicked problem is observed to be connected to another (Frame, 2007: 1114). For example, climate change is viewed as a consequence of poor economic growth, failing institutions and population influx. Nine, the existence of ‘

Macro-Economic Convergence. Property sector growth in Prague Essay

Macro-Economic Convergence. Property sector growth in Prague - Essay Example 63). The substance of this study is based on the premise that real estate development as an aspect of economic growth depends significantly on the nature and direction of financial development. This study will seek to demonstrate that seasons of favourable financial developments have tended to correspond to with seasons of a rise in the values of residential properties in the country. The study will also seek to illustrate the fact that inflationary pressure and other financial forces on the market have a tremendous effect on the level of economic development as represented in the value of property prices in the country. The study will use illustration of the performance of property values in the country within the period of ten years. Basically, this study will be qualitative in approach. It will combine the methods of extended literature and case study approach to determine the insights of the study with particular reference on the impact of financial developments on economic growt h in the Czech Republic. Reliable and resourceful information on the financial trends in the Czech Republic will be matched to the nature of real estate development in order to establish the kind of associations between the two (Haber, North & Weingast, 2007). In order to enrich the authenticity of the study, it will be appropriate to use the most recent information for the study. Case analyses will be conducted to determine the manner in, which the financial trends in the Czech Republic impact on the aspect of economic growth (Liebscher, 2006). The trends of the values on the property markets suggest that macro-economic forces at play in the country have some significant impacts on the property development in the country. Furthermore, the study will incorporate the views of analysts in order to establish the nature of relationships that operate between the two realities. There is a sense in which the dynamics of economic growth and the trends in the interest rates affect the level of property development in the Czech Republic (Ranciere & Loayza, 2005). Generally, the study will seek to demonstrate the fact that the nature of growth and the levels of stability of the markets determine economic processes. Past and recent case analyses, economic development studies, media reports and other multiple sources have shown compelling proof of a boom in the residential property sector in the space of time of a decade in Czech Republic (Ranciere & Loayza, 2005). Various explanations from different sources have offered a range of explanations behind this development. In the opinion of analysts and industry experts, the phenomenal growth of the residential property sub-sector has impacted significantly on the property values in the country. The various sources are in concurrence with the fact that Prague remains the focal point of residential property development in the country. Few studies have attempted to determine the exact impact of the phenomenal growth in the resid ential property sub-sector on the value of properties in Prague (Ranciere & Loayza, 2005). However, a review of select cases indicates a consistent growth in the value of residential property prices over the past five years. Analyses of various cases have shown up to 500 percent increase in the value of residential properties in a span of a few years (Florio, 2011, p. 78). Whereas some analysts predict a consistent pattern of value increment in Prague’s property sector, others remain pessimistic expressing fears and doubts over the sustainability of the current value growth rates. Those who project a decline in the value

Writing a Movie Review

Writing a Movie Review Writing a movie review is a great way of expressing your opinion of a movie. The purpose of most movie reviews is to help readers in determining whether they want to watch, rent, or buy the movie. The review should give enough details about the movie that the reader could make an informed decision, without giving anyway any essentials such as the plot or any surprises. Similar to the purpose of writing book reviews, movie reviews analyze the effectiveness of the plot, theme, acting, direction, special effects, musical effects, cinematography, and all other elements that created the movie. There are qualities and guidelines that a critique of a movie should possess. Avoid the use of generalized opinions such as oh, it was a great movie or the acting was horrible, but rather give specific reasons and the whys. Here is a good guide to follow. While we dont limit you to a certain style of writing, the number of words you must have in your review, and what you must (or must not) write about, we do provide the following guideline to help you get started in writing a review. Paragraph 1 You will need to include the following: name of the film, prominent stars of the film, basic setting (time and place), and type of film (comedy, adventure, drama, etc.) Paragraph 2 You will need to write a plot summary for the movie. Do not reveal the ending. Discuss at least five events and be sure to cover the entire scope of the movie, except the very end. Paragraph 3 Discuss one aspect of filmmaking. You may choose from acting, direction, editing, and costume design, set design, photography, background music, or anything else you may think of. Be sure that you are specific and cite examples from the movie. Paragraph 4 Discuss another aspect of filmmaking. You may choose from acting, direction, editing, and costume design, set design, photography, background music, or anything else you may think of, but obviously choose something different from what you discussed in the previous paragraph. Be sure that you are specific and cite examples from the movie. Paragraph 5 Give your overall reaction to the film as well as your opinion on the quality of the film. Also, include your recommendations for potential viewers. Remember, the guideline above is just what it is. It is just a guideline, so throw in your own spin and develop your own format if you want to. Steps to Writing a Movie Review: 1. Watch the movie The first step in writing the review is to watch the movie. Watch the movie in a relaxed environment you are familiar with. You do not want to be distracted by an unfamiliar room. Most movie reviewers take notes as they watch the movie. 2. Evaluate the movie Most movie reviewers will give their opinion of the movie. This is important as the reviewer can express the elements of the movie they enjoyed or disliked. However, as in all good journalism, the reviewer should also give impartial details and allow the reader to make their decision over an issue the reader liked or disliked. Opinions should be explained to allow the reader to determine whether they would agree with your opinion. 3. Who is your audience? You need to consider who your audience will be. Writing a movie review for children requires a different approach than if writing for a movie club. Ensure you report on the factors that matter to your likely audience. 4. Give an outline Give the outline of the movie, but do not give away essential details such as the end or any surprises. If there is a big surprise, you want to entice readers by telling them something special happens; just do not say what. 5. Actors If the movie contains actors, as most do, detail who is starring in the movie and how well you think they acted. 6. Structure Did the movie follow a regular predictable story line, or did it get you thinking, like a Quentin Tarantino movie? 7. Cinematography and lighting Give details about how well the movie was shot and directed. Was the lighting good in the moody scenes? 8. Music Did the movie have its own score like The Lord of the Rings or ET, or did it feature songs from popular artists? Did the music align with the time period? 9. Read, read, and read Read and check your review thoroughly. It can be embarrassing to find errors in your work after it has been published. This is especially important for reviews that will be published on the Internet, as search engines are always looking for the correct spellings of key words.

The Repressive Governments Of Zamiatins We And Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers fc

The Repressive Governments of Zamiatin's We and Orwell's 1984 Outline: Thesis: Both Zamiatin's We and Orwell's 1984 have governments that repress actions and thoughts through the use of physical and psychological force. I. Intro. II. We's Government's Use of Psychological Force A. Number system B. Sexual Registration III. 1984's Governments Use of Psychological Force A. Newspeak B. Doublethink IV. Both Government's Use of Physical Force A. Torture of Winston B. Operation On Fancy V. Conclusion Throughout time, people have wondered what happens when government gains complete control not only over people's actions, but over the thoughts that precede them. Is it even possible to gain such omnipotence over human nature that human beings will renounce all individuality? If such a society could exist, would human nature truly be conquered, or just subdued sufficiently that the will of the few could be contorted into the will of the general population? The British author Eric Blair, better known by his pen name George Orwell, and the Russian born Eugene Zamiatin both attempt to address these questions in their respective books 1984 and We. These novels depict, ". . . mechanized societies whose citizens are deprived of freedom through physical and psychological conditioning." (Bloom 17) The amazing thing about these civilizations is that the majority of the citizenry, at least publicly, applauds the government's totalitarian actions. Both Zamiatin's We and Orwell's 1984 have governments that repress thought and action through the use of physical and physiological force. One of the most visible ways the government of the United State is able to control the thought and actions of its citizens is by the use and abuse of a system by which each member of society receives a number at birth instead of given a name (Goldstein 54). The numbers are assigned according to sex and occupation. For example, D-503, the main character in We, is male, and is thus assigned a consonant for his prefix while his female partner, O-90, is assigned a vowel. As D-503 is an engineer, he receives a 5 as his first number. All state poets such as O-90 have numbers under 100. (Zamiatin 46). This use of numbers instead of names creates a sense of unity and oneness of purpose in the contented, complacent Numbers of the United State. "The most striking thing about the Numbers' "names", is how easily they incorporate their assignment into their lives, and their contempt for the "old way" of naming." (Gregg 549) The Numbers' numbers are sewn onto their tunics called "unifs", front and back in large enough print that anyone, ". . .up to one hundred meters away can read your Number from any direction.

Hidden Violence Essay

The word gang-everyone knows what it means or what it stands for. Of course by the time children get to the end of their elementary years they’ve heard of know gangs such as; the Cribs, Bloods, Latin Kings, Vatos Locos, but none of those names cause as much fear and terror as the gang called La Mara Salvatrucha aka MS-13. La Mara known for their psychotic methods of killing and running their turf, no other gang comes close to causing the same fear as La Mara Salvatrucha (ms-13gang.com). Forced to abandon their home land due to the civil war in El Salvador, the adventure to the U.S. was good at the start but soon the odds turned against them. Therefore for their protection they were forced to start was today is known as the most dangerous gang of the world La Mara Salvatrucha (National Geographic). A simple face-off between El Salvador’s government and guerrilla groups began the civil war of 1980 in El Salvador. The civil war killed 75,000 people and left 8,000 missing and another million or so homeless. The war was known for the government’s massacres and its Death Squad’s killing of civilians, nuns and priests (bookrag.com). This led many Salvadorians to search for a better life, many of whom came to America for their fresh beginning. A group of refugees in Pico Union, California had to get used to their new home, not knowing that by escaping the war in El Salvador they had just jumped right into a new one against the LA street gangs. Immigrate parents working endless sifts providing no parental supervision; young Salvadorian children were being raised by the streets of LA. After being beaten, stabbed, and harassed by the rest of the LA street gangs, a group of refugees decided to form a strong hold or as it is called in Salvador, a Mara. They said, â€Å"If these guys want violence we’ll show them violence† keep in mind that these refugees had a good knowledge of what violence was as well as having previous military training (ms-13gang.com). Then came the day when they said enough is enough it is time to take a stand, and the infamous MS-13 was formed. Born in LA in the 1980’s, expanding to parts of Canada, Spain, England, and Germany becoming bigger and dangerous day by day. La Mara can now be found in Washington D.C, Oregon, Alaska, Arkansas, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida just alone in the United States. In Central America they can be found in El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala and several other Latin countries. MS-13 is considered to be one of the most dangerous and organized in the world (altereddimensions.net).There are two ways to get into the gang. For males one is to get jumped in, which means the new recruit is surround by numerous members and beaten for at least 13 seconds. The other way is by killing either an enemy gang member or just a simple killing. For females there is a third option which is to get having sexual intercourse with several MS members or as they call it gang banged. MS-13 has many similar criminal characteristics as other gang such as: smuggling drugs, people, and weapons. The biggest difference with MS-13 is the willingness to use brutality in all their activities (keysaferschools.com). All of the MS-13 activities were kept low-profile very well. Unlike many gang which us guns, knives, and ropes to hang their victims, La Mara Salvatrucha uses machetes, which have become their weapon of choice (ms-13gang.com). From the start gang members only wore white, gray, and blue colors mostly colors token from El Salvador’s flag. Using a weapon such as the machete is pretty insane right? Well they went all out with this weapon not just slicing n dicing all their enemies but also just by smacking their brains out with the machetes. Let’s get to the gang signs they throw up when representing their hood. Using one hand where they stick out the pinky finger as well as the index finger letting the thumb cross over the other two fingers that are cured into the palm. Another gang sign is using both hands having both index fingers and thumbs out, extending the two fingers between the index and the pinky half way out still cured also on both hands which leaves the pinky h idden on the side last thing is to join the pinky knuckles together also having the ring fingers touch. This powerful symbolism a fearing sight to experiences, both representing devil horns are yet another hint why these guys are considered to be, if not the most, at least one of the top dangerous gangs in the world (mahalo.com). Representing their hood is so important to them that they use their own faces to rep their hood. MS members tattooing them-self all over the body especially on the face, with signs such as, MS-13, 666, and X III in big letters and fonts too. All their tattoos are gothic which simply means something very dark spirited, members will most commonly have 666 tatted on their body (ms-13gang.com). Stacking, some call it a type of dance to gangs it is just another type of language used to tell the other gangs they are MS-13 and that this is their turf. Not only do they claim their territory and rep their hood, but also around non-members, police, and enemy gangs stacking is used as their secret code language. The reason that some people think of stacking being a type of dance is because basically it uses the whole body moving in a redeem following behind hand motions. Starting out in California, soon after their members were being deported back to their home countries right after El Salvador’s civil war ended (altereddimensions.com). Police force in their native country not being suited to face off against MS-13’s level of brutality had no way to control or restrain them, and MS-13 began to grow extremely all over El Salvador. Not wanting to attract too much police attention they decide to move to their neighboring country, Honduras. Honduras a very significant act of the MS-13’s reign of terror along with a period filled with fear and anxiety for Hondurans. The Gang Slaughter of La Mara Salvatrucha on a bus with six children and twenty-two adults left a huge impact in the eyes of many. Suspected gang members armed with assault rifles cruelly sprayed a bus full with h oliday shoppers in the city of San Pedro Sula in Honduras. One of the suspected gang members was arrested in the same area just hours after the horrific action found with two assault rifles, two pistols, and ammunition in his vehicle. Another two where found just 10 miles away from San Pedro Sula two days after (altereddimensions.net). Only these three arrested suspects were linked to MS-13. As for the rest of the sad people who joined in this satanic act are believed that they were going through inanition for La Mara Salvatrucha. Yet again MS-13 attracting much attention from the Honduran authorities, they decided to move again but this time they don’t move together they spread like crazy (ms-13gang.com). Then the world wide spread started from this point on, migrating back to the United States to rejoin their soldiers left behind, and spreading over Central America as well as in parts of Europe and Asia. Up until 2002 no police department had any solid information on La Mara Salvatrucha. That’s until a brave young lady Brenda Paz spoke out against the infamous MS-13 on a search for a new start (mahalo.com). At only 16 years of age Brenda wanted to take a stand and try to stop what today is classified as an organized crime. At the time Brenda had just got paginate by the leader in her area which he knew nothing about. For almost six months she was under protection provided by the government but due to her pregnancy she left the area to get some air and have open space. Just soon after in 2003 she was found dead in Virginia-she was six months pregnant. Her body was found under a bridge in Shenandoah County. Stabbed 13 times all over the body this is just another act of La Mara Salvatrucha to show they are for real (altereddimensions.net). Several MS-13 members have been accused of the killing, Brenda who was helping authorities from at least six states investigate the gang was a great lost for the police force as well. In most case MS-13 members feel great pride when carrying out violent actions because to them it’s the crazier, most violent, and originally that gets them more resp ect with the gang, ranking up in other words. Imagine a little snow ball, what happens to the tiny thing when rolled around a few times? It grows tremendously right, yeah exactly correct. The more and more you roll it the bigger it gets. That’s how La Mara Salvatrucha started out as a simple little snow ball and look at it now, seems to me that it hasn’t stopped rolling yet and never will. Their first enemy 18 street a Mexican gang in Cali, the LAPD, the FBI and many more couldn’t stop them, what makes you think anyone can! People just stay clear of the streets avoid crossing with gangs and If you hear of MS-13 near you just stay inside. MS-13 has no respect to anyone other than their own and will let their full fury out on anyone who crosses in their way. N.p.: n.p., 1999. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. . N.p.: SparTech Software, 1998-2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. . Logan, Samuel. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. . N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. . N.p.:  © National Geographic Channel, 2009. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .

Marketing and Different Vendors Essay

Having multi-vendor partnerships has its advantages and disadvantages. In the long run, supporting such a partnership would be difficult to maintain. Here are some of the concerns: * Change: Hardware and software requires constant upgrades to keep up with the technology changes. Changes in systems from multiple vendors can cause integration problems and requires a rigid process of testing and configuration. * Knowledge: IT staff must be well-trained in all the systems of the multi-vendor environment. Without a good IT support, the harder it is to find the source of the problem, and the longer it takes for them to resolve it. * Communication: In-house IT staff may have all the knowledge on the systems in the multi-vendor environment, but sometimes support from the vendors is required. In such cases, a support engineer is required to communicate with other support engineer, and it would be easier if it is done within the organization, but this is not usually the case. . Focusing IT on top line requires bringing in revenue for the company by increasing sales, whereas focusing IT on the bottom line requires bringing the cost down by reducing on operating cost. Focusing IT on the top line is more challenging because IT is not able to control who and when someone will actually buy the products and services. On the other hand, focusing IT on the bottom line can be predictable as there are sets of parameters within he organization that can be controlled, for example, reducing the number of employees. 3. Some ways for IT to bring in revenue is by increasing the number of customers and retaining customers. To increase the number of customers, IT systems such as online marketing tools can help to generate sales leads and increase customer awareness by sending out emails or direct mailers to potential customers. Such tools can help in segmenting customer profiles and evaluate the performance of the marketing campaign.

Better Education †The Key to Opportunities

Better Education – The Key to Opportunities Free Online Research Papers Recently in the Northeastern United States, 100 young adults, ages 12 to 18 were asked, â€Å"If you were in charge, what would you change in your country?† Surprisingly, the top answer to this question is an aspect that needs to be addressed in all parts of the United States improvements in education. America’s growing economy is changing, and we must respond to these changes by helping more Americans gain the skills to find beneficial, rewarding jobs in our 21st century economy. The key to expanding opportunities is to provide everyone with a world-class education. To help the youngest Americans receive a quality education and learn the basic skills they need, we need to succeed in schooling and academics. Recent results from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) showed that scores for high school seniors have declined in both reading and mathematics. To show just how much that students’ educations are being jeopardized, the following shocking results were also reported. Due to lacking math and science education, young Americans stand to miss out on job opportunities, will lack the necessary skills for post-secondary study, or will not complete post-secondary study in a timely manner. Nationally, of one hundred 9th graders, only 67 will graduate from high school on time, only 38 will directly enter college, and only 18 will graduate from college. Finally, U.S. 12th graders performed amongst the lowest of the 21 countries assessed in both math and science on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study. Something must be done to prevent the continuous downfall of student academics so that American students can receive the education that is necessary to succeed in the world. Due to declines in reading, a plan should be implemented to provide a program that would give grants to develop, apply, and evaluate effective reading interventions for students reading significantly below grade level. A program of this type would complement the Reading First State Grants program, which provides comprehensive reading instruction for children in kindergarten through 3rd grade. A program of this type would provide funds to school districts for reading intervention programs to help students catch up to their peers in reading and literature. Mathematics scores of students in the United States are also dropping. Students would greatly benefit if an increase in money were allowed for the Mathematics and Science Partnership program authorized in the No Child Left Behind Act. An increase in this program would support competitive grants for partnerships to increase student achievement in mathematics. The grants should support projects that have a potential to accelerate the mathematics achievement of all students, but especially low-achieving students. Professional development projects should also be provided for mathematics teachers that are strongly grounded in research to help them strengthen their skills. In August 2002, President Bush announced the State Scholars Initiative to encourage high school students to enroll in more rigorous high school courses. Twelve sates have already received assistance in developing and promoting strong courses of study, as well as providing special programs for students under the State Scholars Initiative. Most Americans strongly believe that more money should be invested in funding for the State Scholars program to make grants available nationwide. To ensure that students graduating from high school have the skills they need to succeed in post-secondary education or careers, high school seniors should be included in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Currently, states are required to participate in the NAEP in 4th and 8th grades in reading and math. Extending this requirement to 12th grade would enable educators to assess whether high schools, as well as elementary and middle schools, are meeting the needs of students. It would also help to identify weaknesses of students and to strengthen curriculum to ensure improvement in those areas. Programs such as No Child Left Behind that strengthen academic performance in all students have already been enforced in school districts all across America. Education is perceived as the key to eradicating poverty, ignorance, and unemployment, and young people from all social classes thought that providing a quality education to all children was important. If more United States citizens join together to strengthen the importance of providing better education, more children will gain tools to help them succeed, and in the long run will be rewarded with higher-paying jobs and valuable skills that will last a lifetime. Research Papers on Better Education - The Key to OpportunitiesStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAW19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Proofreading vs Editing When Is One or the Other Needed

Proofreading vs Editing When Is One or the Other Needed Proofreading vs Editing: When Is One or the Other Needed? The terms â€Å"proofreading† and â€Å"editing† are sometimes used interchangeably, but there are significant differences between the two. Knowing which approach to utilize depends on what you need for a writing assignment. Are you looking for your content to improve in style and/or flow? Or do you need someone to purely remove spelling and grammatical errors? Refer to this chart to determine whether your writing needs editing or proofreading (or both): While editing and proofreading can be done with computer software (for example, spelling and grammar checks though Microsoft Word or Google Docs), there is still nothing like an editor or proofreader’s eye to give your work an organic flow and style. is dedicated to assisting with the creation of superb work for students and writers. We employ writers, editors, and proofreaders who work according to your topic of choice and specifications.

Analysing The Religious Views On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Religious Views On Euthanasia Philosophy Essay When it comes to religious point of views on issues, euthanasia is one of the most controversial moral topics of all time. Euthanasia comes from the Greek word ÃŽÂ µÃƒ ¡Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± meaning ‘good death. Euthanasia can be defined as â€Å"the practice of ending a life in a technique that reduces pain and suffering† ( Eike-Henner 11). Religions such as the Roman Catholics and Orthodox Judaism oppose euthanasia on the grounds that it invades God’s territory of life and death. Life is considered a gift from God and should only be taken back by God. There are different forms of euthanasia: voluntary/involuntary and active/passive. Active euthanasia is the inducement of death by taking specific steps such overdose of painkillers or sleeping pills. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, is the discontinuation of medical treatment in a terminal case so as to allow the patient have a natural death. Voluntary euthanas ia is killing a person for the purpose of relieving pain from terminal or incurable illness or injury with their consent. Finally, involuntary euthanasia is killing a person for the purpose of relieving suffering without first obtaining the person’s consent. â€Å"This paper will examine the ethical views of the Roman Catholics and the Orthodox Jews on the act of euthanasia.† The Roman Catholic teachings have a precise definition for euthanasia. Pope John Paul II describes it as â€Å"an act or omission which of itself or by intention causes death, with the purpose of eliminating all suffering† (Evangelium vitae [Ev], 1995, n. 65). The Church teaches that it is morally unacceptable and constitutes it as a murderous act, which is contrary to what they call the dignity of a person. Namely that every individual is born with dignity, and they are an estimable value. They value the human life, because a person indeed is priceless, for they are created by God. Euthana sia is an act that denies respect of God, the creator. Even if a person is acting on good faith, nothing changes the nature of what euthanasia is; at the very base euthanasia is an act of murder. When it comes to physicians assisted suicide the Roman Catholics describe it as a grave sin against God, because it suggests that a person is in charge of their body instead of God the creator. Physicians assisted suicide can be defined as â€Å"a doctor or medical staff person prescribes a lethal amount of medication with the intent of assisting a person commit suicide (John 151). The patient then takes the dose or turns the switch. Since preserving life is the greatest good for Catholics, they believe that the 5th commandment in the Old Testament of the Bible says it all â€Å"Thou shall not kill† (John 14). They believe this applies to killing oneself or killing someone else who has asked to die such as a terminally ill patient. No human being has the authority to make life and d eath decisions. Killing denies the victim something that he or she values greatly, continued life or a future. Moreover, since continued life is necessary for pursuing future endeavors, killing brings the suppression of all of these plans. Therefore, Catholics believe that doctor assisted-suicide deprives an individual of a future that they potentially could’ve had.

Corporate Compliance Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Compliance Plan - Essay Example The three manufacturing units of Riordan based at Albany, Georgia; Pontiac, Michigan; and Hangzhou, China; hereafter collectively referred to as ‘Manufacturers’ shall strive to uphold the best standards of quality. The headquarters and research establishment, hereafter referred to as ‘Management’ and located at San Jose, California is entrusted with the management of the company. The company’s sales & marketing as also any disputes concerning finance & accounting shall hereby be associated with the management only. Any dispute, controversy or claim arising as a result of interpretation, breach or termination of contract as well as claims shall be applicable to the management in case of arbitration. All legal disputes are subject to legal jurisdiction of the courts of San Jose, California, USA. All disputes related to the effectiveness and efficiency of the manufacturing operations, inventory, and product quality shall be arbitrated against the manufac turers only. Riordan aims to evolve into an industry leader in the ix sigma strategy and aims to enhance the quality of its products over existing ISO 9000 benchmarks, thereby focusing its energies and resources towards evolving and maintaining its lead as an industry leader in polymer materials. The R&D, as part of its continued efforts aims to provide customers with the cheapest products of the best quality in addition to identifying emerging trends in the industry. As part of ongoing efforts to identify risks and mitigate them, Riordan’s board of directors must work hand in hand with the senior management as well as key people in every department namely Sales & Marketing, Finance & Accounting, Human Resources, Operations and Information Technology. The top management is to be guided by a suitable action plan that outlines mechanisms to tackle all identified risks. Managers within every department and other employees must evaluate their performance within this framework

Are economic agents (consumers) truly foresighted in their decision Essay

Are economic agents (consumers) truly foresighted in their decision making - Essay Example Negative feedback refers to the feedback signal that is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to that of the input signal. Generally, negative feedback can be divided into two: voltage feedback and current feedback. As often is the case, the current feedback is applied purposely to reduce the input amplifier. However, there are cases where both feedbacks may exist in a circuit. In such a case, both current voltage would be feedback towards the input in parallel or series. This, therefore, imply that the feedback would be represented as series-voltage feedback, series-current feedback, shunt current feedback, and shunt- voltage feedback. Arguably, negative feedback makes a gain in a circuit to be stable. Mathematically, it can be shown that A1= AB + A/1. It is worth noting that the negative feedback is a very useful principle that finds its application in an operation amplifier. It has been cited as being the best in creating the practical circuits due to its characteristic nature of being able to set rates, gains, alongside other significant parameters. Moreover, the negative feedback can make the circuits self-correcting and stable. By and large, the fundamental principle of the negative feedback is such that the output drives in such a direction creating an equilibrium condition. For an op-amp circuit without a feedback, there is lacking a corrective mechanism. The output voltage shall become saturated with a tiniest amount of the differential voltage that is applied in the in). It has also been noted that negative feedback will make a gain in a circuit to be stable. Moreover, research has it that the negative feedback is a fundamental principle as far as the operation of an amplifier is concerned. This is based on the fact that it can be used in creating practical circuits given its characteristic of setting up rates, gains, alongside other significant parameters. Thus, an op-amp circuit without

Race Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Race - Assignment Example Femininity is especially differentiated by masculinity in the means of their beauty and is seen as elements that help satisfy the masculine desire for sex and intimacy. They are not really devalued by the overall society and have an important role to play in the society, but the way they are controlled leads to their devaluation. The system of patriarchy views them as fragile and due to this perception they are mostly redeemed important to carry out functions such as caring for others and these functions carried out by females is recognized as Pink-collar labor and these jobs are even regarded as blue-collar labor as these jobs require lower amount of skills. According to Kimmel, manhood can be described as homophobia which is the fear of being unmasked by other males of failing to be a real man (Rothenberg 91). He even defines manhood as flight from feminine as boys tend to prove that they do not have traits that are shared by females and lastly Kimmel defines manhood as power relat ions in which males tend to exhibit behaviors that represent masculinity. 2. By the period of the 18th century, whiteness and the term white which was used to differentiate between the white races of America from other races became very popular and this kind of differentiation among people is recognized as overt racism. The term is used to give a certain population of America a better status in different spheres of life. Immigrants were never treated well in US and they have been exploited mainly due to Xenophobia which is regarded as the fear that a particular society experiences from foreign elements. Institutional racism was in practice and employees who migrated from foreign regions were treated differently as compared to the whites. Not only those already living in US were able to gain the status of being white, some immigrants such as the Jews were even regarded as white folks because of their excellence in the academic sphere during the 1920s (Rothenberg 38). There were other reasons due to which Jews were no longer seen as immigrants or people from the inferior class. One of the main reasons was the program of affirmative action which was not actually created for the purpose of decreasing discrimination against Jews. According to this program, even the migrants from the European nations such as Jews were categorized as whites. The black slaves in US were referred to as chattel slavery as they were recognized as assets owned by their owners by the law and these assets could be bought or sold. Restricted naturalized citizenship is a term used to refer to those individual who were recognized as citizens and were free white individuals and had lived in US for over two years and this citizenship was awarded under the Naturalization Act of 1970. It is quite difficult to define the national culture of America as there are huge numbers of people from different parts of the world and different religions who follow different practices. 3. Under legitimate chatte l slavery practiced in US, the black slaves were suppressed for several years and during this period the whites continue to increase their wealth and the blacks continued to experience worse economic conditions. The blacks were even suppressed by law as laws were made in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson in which the court of law ruled that the blacks and whites of US had access to separate resources. Due to this, even today the whites have

CORPORATE FINANCE - MODULE 6 MINICASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CORPORATE FINANCE - MODULE 6 MINICASE - Essay Example This means that it generates enough cash to recover the cost of investment and the return that the investors want. If both franchise L and S are independent, then both of them should be accepted as both of them have a positive NPV. On the other hand, if they are mutually exclusive, then franchise S should be selected, as it gives a higher NPV value. (3) Would the NPV's change if the cost of capital changed (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2006) The NPV inversely depends on the cost of capital. Therefore, if NPV increases then the cost of capital decreases; and, if the NPV decreases then the cost of capital increases. d. (1) Define the term internal rate of return (IRR). What is each franchise's IRR (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2006) The IRR is the discount rate at which NPV is equal to zero. Expressed as an equation, we have: IRR: = $0 = NPV. 0 18.1% 1 2 3 | | | | -100.00 10 60 80 8.47 43.02 48.57 $ 0.06 $0 Franchise L's IRR is 18.1%. 0 23.6% 1 2 3 | | | | -100.00 70 50 20 56.63 32.73 10.59 $ (0.05) $0 Franchise S's IRR is 23.6% (2) How is the IRR on a project related to the YTM on a bond (Ehrhardt & Brigham, 2006) As the YTM is the promised rate of return on a bond, the IRR is the expected rate of return on a project. (3) What is the logic behind the IRR method According... Independent projects are those whose cash flows are not affected by the acceptance of another project. On the other hand, mutually exclusive projects are those whose cash flows are affected by the acceptance of another project. The rationale behind the NPV method is that if NPV=$0, then the project breakevens in a financial sense (but not in the accounting sense). This means that it generates enough cash to recover the cost of investment and the return that the investors want. If both franchise L and S are independent, then both of them should be accepted as both of them have a positive NPV. On the other hand, if they are mutually exclusive, then franchise S should be selected, as it gives a higher NPV value. IRR measures a project's profitability in the rate of return sense: if a project's IRR equals its cost of capital, then its cash flows are just sufficient to provide investors with their required rates of return. An IRR greater than r implies an economic profit, which accrues to the firm's shareholders, while an IRR less than r indicates an economic loss, or a project that will not earn enough to cover its cost of capital. No, the IRR wouldn't be affected by a change in the cost of capital. It should be noted, however, that the acceptability of the IRR may change if the cost of capital changes. For example, franchise L would be rejected if the cost of capital increases beyond 18.1%. (2)

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example Social settings have adopted new and universal similarities owing to the increasing state of media and interstate’s education systems. Hence, via knowing diverse languages, it has prompted students to seek both education and employment in other regions, hence becoming international students as well as cosmopolitan citizens especially via intermarrying (Kuran & Sandholm 204). The global integration of people’s lives descends from the economics’ universal consumer market and need to advance. This is especially from the global states’ strong motive to equal the already developed partners, hence result to adopting and utilizing diverse market strategies that will facilitate trade with them besides strengthening their currency. Additionally, the states’ dissimilarity in productions and need to have access to other products from diverse regions, has also yielded them to network with other regional states besides adopting some economic practices/strategies meant to improve their fiscal stability. Production is an economic practice that ensures the existence of humanity in the face of the earth regardless of the level of technology, which each society might adopt. Mainly, this aligns with the culture, which each society esteems, and best fits their region or the general expertise it possesses. For illustration, production globally assumes the forms of agriculture, industrial and foraging, where the latter entails communities emanating from the third world states, which have not embraced new technology effectively (Kuran & Sandholm 212). However, this has changed with time in comparison to the past century where in the current foraging it is about 1%. Foraging among other forms of productions has actually shaped diverse aspects of culture especially among the communities that utilize foraging method. These

Race Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Race - Assignment Example Femininity is especially differentiated by masculinity in the means of their beauty and is seen as elements that help satisfy the masculine desire for sex and intimacy. They are not really devalued by the overall society and have an important role to play in the society, but the way they are controlled leads to their devaluation. The system of patriarchy views them as fragile and due to this perception they are mostly redeemed important to carry out functions such as caring for others and these functions carried out by females is recognized as Pink-collar labor and these jobs are even regarded as blue-collar labor as these jobs require lower amount of skills. According to Kimmel, manhood can be described as homophobia which is the fear of being unmasked by other males of failing to be a real man (Rothenberg 91). He even defines manhood as flight from feminine as boys tend to prove that they do not have traits that are shared by females and lastly Kimmel defines manhood as power relat ions in which males tend to exhibit behaviors that represent masculinity. 2. By the period of the 18th century, whiteness and the term white which was used to differentiate between the white races of America from other races became very popular and this kind of differentiation among people is recognized as overt racism. The term is used to give a certain population of America a better status in different spheres of life. Immigrants were never treated well in US and they have been exploited mainly due to Xenophobia which is regarded as the fear that a particular society experiences from foreign elements. Institutional racism was in practice and employees who migrated from foreign regions were treated differently as compared to the whites. Not only those already living in US were able to gain the status of being white, some immigrants such as the Jews were even regarded as white folks because of their excellence in the academic sphere during the 1920s (Rothenberg 38). There were other reasons due to which Jews were no longer seen as immigrants or people from the inferior class. One of the main reasons was the program of affirmative action which was not actually created for the purpose of decreasing discrimination against Jews. According to this program, even the migrants from the European nations such as Jews were categorized as whites. The black slaves in US were referred to as chattel slavery as they were recognized as assets owned by their owners by the law and these assets could be bought or sold. Restricted naturalized citizenship is a term used to refer to those individual who were recognized as citizens and were free white individuals and had lived in US for over two years and this citizenship was awarded under the Naturalization Act of 1970. It is quite difficult to define the national culture of America as there are huge numbers of people from different parts of the world and different religions who follow different practices. 3. Under legitimate chatte l slavery practiced in US, the black slaves were suppressed for several years and during this period the whites continue to increase their wealth and the blacks continued to experience worse economic conditions. The blacks were even suppressed by law as laws were made in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson in which the court of law ruled that the blacks and whites of US had access to separate resources. Due to this, even today the whites have

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example Social settings have adopted new and universal similarities owing to the increasing state of media and interstate’s education systems. Hence, via knowing diverse languages, it has prompted students to seek both education and employment in other regions, hence becoming international students as well as cosmopolitan citizens especially via intermarrying (Kuran & Sandholm 204). The global integration of people’s lives descends from the economics’ universal consumer market and need to advance. This is especially from the global states’ strong motive to equal the already developed partners, hence result to adopting and utilizing diverse market strategies that will facilitate trade with them besides strengthening their currency. Additionally, the states’ dissimilarity in productions and need to have access to other products from diverse regions, has also yielded them to network with other regional states besides adopting some economic practices/strategies meant to improve their fiscal stability. Production is an economic practice that ensures the existence of humanity in the face of the earth regardless of the level of technology, which each society might adopt. Mainly, this aligns with the culture, which each society esteems, and best fits their region or the general expertise it possesses. For illustration, production globally assumes the forms of agriculture, industrial and foraging, where the latter entails communities emanating from the third world states, which have not embraced new technology effectively (Kuran & Sandholm 212). However, this has changed with time in comparison to the past century where in the current foraging it is about 1%. Foraging among other forms of productions has actually shaped diverse aspects of culture especially among the communities that utilize foraging method. These

Origins of Democratic and Republican Separation Essay Example for Free

Origins of Democratic and Republican Separation Essay The political battles during the Gilded Age (1869-1889) were not fought with weapons and lives as was the Civil War directly before them, but with pamphlets, verbal accusations and national ideals. However, were the two most prominent foes vying due to differing economic policies, or were they similar parties that based their separation on national origin, geography, history, and emotion? The basic economic reforms were, in fact, similar, yet the varying ideologies and animosities that remained from prior eras enlarged the gap between Democrat and Republican. After the Civil War, the general consensus of the American population was a yearning for unity (to some extreme), civil service reforms, the tariff, currency, and a prosperous America. The basic disagreement between the parties was on military reconstruction, which was over by 1877, less than halfway through the Age (502). Both Republicans and Democrats, however, wished for the general union of America the majority of the Republicans (moderates) did not aim to punish the South through Military Reconstruction and the South, although angered, rose above their resentment and waited until 1877, when Northern troops pulled out and the South was left to govern itself (511). Throughout the various presidencies, of which most were dominated by Republicans (save for Grover the good Cleveland), graft and dishonest means for achieving wealth were not uncommon within both parties, leading to the Panic of 1873 (506). Such a depression shed light upon the unscrupulous practices of many political figures, as well as debtors and other prominent businesspeople. This led to yet another national agreement civil service reforms. Under the Presidency of Republican Chester Arthur, the Pendleton Act was passed in 1883. Considered the Magna Carta of civil-service reform, it prohibited financial assessments on job-holders and established a merit system of making appointments to office on the basis of aptitude. Furthermore, the act created a Civil Service Commission that examined applicants for posts in the classified service (518). Most Americans, save for debtors, called for a monetary system based on greenbacks rather than hard-money (gold). By 1879, contraction (or the accumulation of gold stocks against the appointed day for resumption of metallic-money payments [1879]) and reduction of greenbacks restored the governments credit rating, and revived the greenbacks along with it. Although these developments were actually enacted under a Republican presidency, such reforms were backed by Congress in (almost) its entirety (507). One might as, then, why was there political competition? Historically, Democrats represented the needs of the South; they were pro-slavery, supportive of states rights, and representatives of an agrarian population. The Republicans did not have such views before and within approximately ten years of the Civil War; they were anti-slavery, supportive of a strong central government, and representatives of an urban population, brimming with a large work force of laborers, debtors, businessmen, and other non-agrarian vocations. However, both Republican and Democratic sentiments were mixed until two competing parties with few varying significant economic issues were the outcome (508). Republicans gradually began to abandon their commitment to black equality, as many votes were already cast and few freedmen would vote Democrat, with the last radical Republican act passed in 1875 (Civil Rights Act). Southerners were left to govern themselves, allowing laws that, under the pretense separate but equal, placed blacks back in the chains that were recently unshackled (511). Although economic issues were not a large factor in party separation, Democratic (South) resentment for Republicans (North) remained. The humiliation that the South suffered during Reconstruction, including the emancipation of slaves, was not an act that would be easily forgotten (510). Furthermore, the lives and societies of aristocratic agrarians and hard-working laborers were so distinctly different that such a large variation could only be bridged over several centuries. The Democrats and Republicans of the Gilded Age were, in reality, overwhelmingly distinct political parties. The groups and ideals that both  parties represented were absolutely opposite. The similarity in their economic reforms is explained by their desire to create a prosperous America one that could only be achieved through civil service reforms, government-issued currency, and further economic legislation.

Management Information System In Jet Airlines

Management Information System In Jet Airlines Data analysis plays vital role in determining which resources to use in order to achieve the mission of an organization. The world is developing an increasingly global market and economy. The basic management information system measures inputs and/or outputs, allowing managers to analyse the relationship between them and make decisions based on the outcomes they desire.Day to day example can be a speedometer, a speed-measuring system Types of Management Information Systems The different types of MIS can be classified into the following: Transaction-Processing Systems: With the advent of mainframe computers, Transaction-processing systems were introduced in the 1960s. They are designed for the banks to handle a huge volume of routine, recurring transactions. They record deposits and payments into the accounts, record sales and track inventory.. Operations Information Systems After transaction-processing systems, operations Information Systems came into existence. It gathers information, organises and summarises it in a useful form. It access data from TPS and moulds it into suitable form. One can obtain sales report or inventory etc from this. Decision Support Systems (DSS) DSS is an interactive computer system. It hasthree fundamental components: database management system (DBMS), model-based management system (MBMS) and dialog generation and management system (DGMS) which can be used for decision making. Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence ESAI use human knowledge encapsulated in a computer to solve various problems that usually requires human expertise. Computer recognizes, formulates and then solves a problem. It also explains the solution and learns from its experience as well. Introduction to Jet Airways Jet Airways is a leading Indian airline with its headquarter in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is the second largest airline in India and the market leader in the domestic sector. It offers over 400 flights daily to 67 destinations worldwide. Main domestic hubs: Mumbai and Delhi. International hubs: Brussels Airport, Belgium. It is owned by the London-based businessman, Mr. Naresh Goyal. BACKGROUND Jet Airways emerged with its first flight in 1993. It is one of the fastest expanding airlines in the world, and in future will become the most preferred airline making your journey enjoyable. Jet Airways offers flights to 24 international destinations and 43 destinations in India. OVERVIEW Jet Airways was incorporated as an air service operator on 1 April 1992. It commenced Indian commercial airline operations on 5 May 1993. On 4th January 1995, Jet Airways was granted a scheduled airline status.The company is registered on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Although,a major portion (80% of its stock) is controlled by Naresh Goyal. It has over 10,017 employees (March 2007).Jet Airways has fleet of 90 aircraft. CORPORATE VISION Jet Airways will become the most preferred domestic airline in India. Jet Airways will achieve this outstanding position by offering a high quality of service and reliable, comfortable and efficient operations.Jet Airways will uplift the concept of domestic airline travel -to be a world class airline. It will achieve this objective even while ensuring consistent profitability, achieving long-term returns for its investors and providing its employees with an environment for excellence and growth. Information Systems in Airlines Airlines exist to connect people to distant locations very efficiently and safely while making profit for the shareholders. . There has to be a trade-off between the three aspects. Thus, the designing of information system is very essential and its management helps them reach the organizations purpose. Key indicators in management are required to guide the working of the process and making changes in resource allocation. A management information system regularly provides information about the efficient working and function of the organization. The ultimate aim of the airline industry is to make the passengers journey comfortable and convenient. The different procedures in the airport and airplane should be simplified and highest degree of customers satisfaction have to maintained in order to succeed in todays competitive world. The Current Scenario The airline industry is constantly evolving and incorporating the latest innovations and technologies all with a common aim to make the journey of the passengers more and more comfortable and convenient. All the different procedures that the passenger goes through in the airport and airplane have to be simplified and highest quality of satisfaction for customers have to maintained by airlines in order to succeed in todays competitive scenario. Flying is nowadays one of the fastest and easiest way to cover large distances. It saves a lot of travelling time compared to other means of transport. For employees, this is a huge bonus as the business can be carried out at a faster speed as they can reach their destinations in a matter of hours. The 4 basic factors that the airline industry has to carefully tackle are as follows: Efficiency Speed Safety Comfort Every year more and more people are resorting to airlines as a mode of transportation and hence constant innovation and establishing a unique relationship with the passengers is the need of the hour. Hence, the importance of the technology of integrated systems has become clearer and unavoidable in the airlines for the future as well. Improving Air Transport Information Systems It has been seen that many vendor companies are doing constant research and development in the technologies which have a prime aim to improve customer satisfaction and provide better services to the customer. Huge investments are also being made in this area which has a lot of scope of improvement. Example of such service can be self- checking kiosks, in-flight entertainment and connectivity, check-in via mobile phones, airport and baggage management services. Currently what can be seen as the prime objective of the airlines is: Optimizing revenues while maximizing customer relationships. Management Information system in Jet Airlines VENDOR: IBM Jet Airways and IBM have announced that the companies have signed a business transformation for 10 years and information technology (IT) services agreement. Valued at 62 million US dollars, the agreement is a major step towards Jet Airways journey of technology led business transformation, which will help the airline to achieve significant growth by implementing the companys IT with business strategies. Jet Airways aims to use IBMs domain knowledge of the global airline industry and its leadership in technology to meet the groups business transformation objectives. As part of the deal, IBM will provide with the latest technological solutions to transform the airlines various business areas such as airport operations, direct distribution and frequent flier programs. IBM has provided Jet Airways with cutting edge IT Infrastructure and application to support services including employee transition, data centre operations, help desk support and storage operations, internet security services, network management, SAP and various other operating systems. Customer Relationship Management CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is methodology used to learn more about customers needs in order to develop stronger relationships with them. CRM has always been a matter of great concern for airlines aspiring to improve relationships with the customers. Airlines that can effectively target, attract, serve and hold the best customers will definitely experience significant benefits. The better the bonding the airline holds with these customers, the more opportunities will be open for selling additional products and services. However, as the e-business is evolving, the hurdles of establishing customer relationships have become even greater. Airlines must be completely responsible for a customers satisfaction whilst the want it, buy it and use it experience. Advantage of CRM In Sales and Marketing CRM defines marketing processes and satisfy customer requirements using functionality to improve management of resources, segments and lists, campaigns, trade promotions, and marketing analytics. It also enables management of accounts, product configuration, opportunities, quotations, orders, contacts, activities pricing, billing, and contracts. Make smart business decisions with improved customer relations. Speedy access to databases so faster marketing. Improve visibility of your entire marketing process Increase returns on investments. Grow profitable relationships Maintain focus on productive activity Eliminate barriers to productivity Improve sales efficiency Service Transform service into a profitable line of business Increase customer loyalty Reduce costs of customer service and field service CRM in Jet Airways The figure 5 shows a few special offering from Jet Airlines The special offerings from it are as follows: It offers free tickets Special rates for Students Special Fares for corporate deals Jetlite Surprises The other Customer Relationship Management activities also include: Rapid Rewards program for all passengers that make all their reservations online. Incentives include lower rates, express boarding passes, and in-flight bonuses like free snacks drinks. Business Rapid Rewards for Business travelers. Special Benefits and services for Senior Citizens Vendor For Jet Airways CRM: EPSILON The emerging digital marketing company Epsilons email solution will now provide customer and trade communication services to Jet Airways in order to improve their relationship with customers. Jet Airways known for its in-flight services is striving hard to enhance its customer relationship management and loyalty management. Various surveys were conducted and was found that customers prefer email as the channel for communication. Thus, in order to be forward it selected Epsilons email marketing services. Epsilon is a pioneer in email sevices and provides exact view of all the customers. Such an overview allows the airways to design solutions for targeted customers which also increase its brand equity and nurtures great profits with loyalty. Epsilons email platform speeds up the email delivery. Ithas an intense tracking and report forming features as well as optimisation tools that enable Jet Airways to enjoy the benefits of relevancy in communicating with the customers. It also allows Jet Airways to monitor and track the position and status of specific email communication all the way from booking to enquiry transaction. This allows the airline to improve its profile and transaction behaviour data to ultimately achieve one-to-one relationship with its customers. Jet Airways currently publishes a monthly email newsletter to Jet Privilege members, all the travel agency partners and corporate clients. The company is planning to introduce transactional e-mailing through the Epsilon platform, such as registration confirmation, welcome messages and purchase confirmations. Conclusion In general, the airlines have to ensure that they strike a proper balance between the customer services and operating costs. In the aviation industry, the competition is ever increasing as more players enter each year. Effective management of information systems can definitely help in attaining these goals and also assist to incorporate the innovative solutions as well. In order to meet to meet these challenges, lot of companies and firm are working on different software and solutions with a common objective in mind to make travel both easy and convenient It is important to choose the suitable information that will help managers observe their situation clearly. When airlines observed management information systems that included loss in the revenue due to not selling empty seats or rooms, they managed ways to get some value from latecomers at deep discounts. A good information system in practice can ensure that the operation is able to run efficiently with clear focus on customers. By incorporating better and better technology systems, we can reach out to demands of more customers and also strengthen vital features like security, avoiding delays, reducing the cost of travel. The scope of improvement is virtually endless and the companies will have to keep on evolving in order to survive in the future as well.

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

Lesson on Schizophrenia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As an overview, schizophrenia is a disease to the brain. It is one of the most disabling and emotionally devastating illnesses known to man. It has been misunderstood for a long time. It has a biological basis, so it is like other diseases. It is a very common disease; one percent to one and a half percent of the U.S. has been diagnosed within some point in their life. There is no cure for this disease, although there is treatable medicine. Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality disorder. People who take medicine for it are able to lead normal fulfilling lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two ways that schizophrenia begins. One way is called Acute Onset. This happens very fast, about a couple of weeks. It is easier to recover from this. You are able to get help faster because people notice it sooner. The other way is called Process Onset. This takes a longer period of time to show. It is gradual, sometimes up to years. You may say or do strange things every now and then. It could be a long time before you go to the doctor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are three main types of delusions a person can have. Delusion of Persecution is when the person thinks that people are out to get him or her. For example the government. Grandeur is when the person thinks he or she is very important, rich, famous, ect. Reference is when the person thinks that the TV is talking directly to him or her. They also think some outside source is talking to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schizophrenia has three main subtypes. Paranoid schizophrenia is when the person believes someone is out to get them. Disorganized schizophrenia is people who do silly strange behaviors, inappropriate emotions, and have messed up speech patterns. They do a thing called a word salad, when they talk with bunches of words randomly thrown together. Catatonic schizophrenia is when the person gets in a position and stays in that exact position for a long time (like hours). This is very and the medication for it is good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No one knows for sure what causes schizophrenia. The biological explanations are linked to genetic predisposition.

David Livingstone :: History

David Livingstone David Livingstone was one of Africa’s most important explorer. He lived from 1813 to 1873. He was originally a Scottish doctor and missionary. Livingstone was born on March 19, 1813, in Blantyre, Scotland. In 1823 he began to work in a cotton-textile factory. While studying medicine in Glasgow, he also attended classes in theology, and in 1838 he offered his services to the London Missionary Society. After completing hid medical course in 1840, Livingstone was later sent as a medical missionary to South Africa. In 1841 he reached Kuruman, a settlement founded in Bechuanaland, now Botswana, by the Scottish missionary Robert Moffat. Even though the Boers, the white settler, mostly of white background were extremely hostile to him, Livingstone kept trying to make his way northward. He married Mary Moffat, daughter of Robert, in 1845. Together, the Livingstones traveled into regions where no other European had ever been to. After crossing the Kalahari Desert in 1849, he discovered Lake Ngami. In 1851, accompanied by his wife and children, he discovered the Zambezi River. On another expedition while looking for a route to the interior from the east or west coast, he traveled north from Cape Town to the Zambezi, and then west to Luanda on the Atlantic coast. Then, retracing his journey to the Zambezi, Livingstone followed the river to its mouth in the Indian Ocean, in this way discovering the great Victoria Falls in Zambezi. After Livingstone's explorations, a revision of all the contemporary maps took place. He returned in 1856 to Great Britainm, where he was already acknowledged as a great explorer. He wrote a book called Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa which made him famous. He resigned from the missionary society, and in 1858 the British government appointed him British consul at Quelimane, what is now in Mozambique, for the east coast of Africa and commander of an expedition to explore east and central Africa. In 1859 he explored the Rovuma River and discovered Lake Chilwa. During his exploration of the country around Lake Nyasa, Livingstone became greatly concerned over the depredations on the indigenous Africans by Arab and Portuguese slave traders. In 1865, on a visit to England, he wrote Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambezi and Its Tributaries, including a condemnation of slave traders and an exposition of the commercial possibilities of the region, now mostly part of Malawi and Mozambique.

John Dryden Translator of Virgil Essay

John Dryden translated Virgil in the late 1690’s when more than fifty Englishmen before him had tried to translate at least some Virgil and many translated after his death in the seventeenth century as John Denham and Edmund Waller. What makes Dryden’s translation the most successful version, the most read and accepted between its competitors? How did Dryden translate his Virgil and why? And what kind of response did his translation receive at the time? â€Å"Without invention a painter is but a copier, and a poet but a plagiary of others. Both are allowed sometimes to copy and translate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dryden stated that he used paraphrase and literal translation when translating Virgil, which allowed him the liberty of modernizing it. Dryden believes that he used what was best in matter, form and style in translating Virgil by means of paraphrasing, rephrasing, and changing some phrases which when translated word for word would produce an odd meaning of the terms. â€Å"Imitators are but a servile of cattle† says Dryden, the reason why he didn’t want just to imitate Virgil, but personalize and domesticate his translation. By doing this, Dryden transformed Virgil’s poems, and particularly the Aeneid, into autobiographical and personal statements. So, how did he do this? Dryden used the political background of the events that happened in Rome and paralleled them to recent political events to express his personal opinions. By the way of adding and modifying phrases, Dryden changes the tone of the first Eclogue from melancholy to bitter, transforming the poem to express his own depressed spirit. This spirit changes and develops further in the ninth Eclogue which has a similar background as the first. Here, Dryden makes full use of the poem to attack literally the Williamite government, where he accuses it of killing his creativity. He substitutes â€Å"the corrupt city† of Virgil by â€Å"the Court† continuing with his bitter feelings towards the Establishment with phrases like â€Å"the Bribes of Court†. Furthermore, the Virgil volume was dedicated to non- Williamite noblemen. Dryden’s loathing of William often makes him bring hostility to foreignness in Virgil. His Virgil has been seen as a Jacobite work, supporting the exiled James II. Another huge background change was the introduction of Christian universe. Dryden introduces Christian terms to the Virgil, replacing the Roman paganism. He introduces â€Å"Heaven† with all its Christian connotations, replacing Virgil’s words for the gods, the fates, and fortune. This new Christian conception changes the character and mission of the hero. Aeneas is transformed into a Christian who bears his misfortunes with patience as he is on a divine mission. â€Å"I have endeavour’d to make Virgil speak such English as he wou’d himself have spoken, if he had been born in England, and in this present Age† As to the language of translation, Dryden’s version has many identical traces with the works of many others who preceded him. Dryden is thought to have read at least forty of the previous Virgil translations. He is thought to have borrowed many of Douglas’s word translations; Chaucer’s rhymed couplets and most of all, Lauderdale’s word rhymes. Dryden â€Å"thought it fit to steer betwixt the two Extreams, of Paraphrase, and Literal Translation† and stated that â€Å"Some things too I have omitted, and sometimes added of my own†. â€Å"But by what Authority? † , asked Luke Milbourne angrily. From its first appearance, Dryden’s Virgil was canonized. His most distinguished antagonists are Swift and Wordsworth. Swift wrote â€Å"A Tale of a Tub† which takes aim at Dryden, intending his demolition but failed enormously and may have even contributed to Dryden’s sale. Wordsworth wrote â€Å"whenever Virgil can be fairly said to have had his eye upon his object, Dryden always spoils the passage. † Milbourne, in his â€Å"Notes on Dryden’s Virgil†, details objections to nearly six hundred separate passages, and supplies many alternatives of his own or Ogilby’s renderings, saying that although his words are not well placed, but they keep the original meaning of Virgil. Spence in his Polymetis , an illustrated mythology book, advances numerous objections to Dryden’s Virgil. Another attack is from E. M. W. Tillyard who objects on his crudity, vulgarity, or sometimes over-gentility. Samuel Johnson remarked that â€Å"Dryden’s faults are forgotten in the hurry of delight, and Pitt’s beauties are neglected in the languor of a cold and listless perusal. † Dryden’s style aims at the clarification of Virgil and transparency of translation. By domestication, and parallelism of the political background, Dryden was able to produce an epic which came alive after centuries, by adding to it his passions, senses and the concerns of his own age. Sources: * Dryden’s Virgil: Translation as Autobiography, Thomas H. Fujimura, University of North Carolina Press, 1983 * Dryden’s Virgil, William Frost, CL summer 1984, Volume 36, # 3. * John Dryden, Preface to Ovid’s Epistles, in Of Dramatic Poesy and Other Critical essays, ed. George Watson (London, 1962) II, p. 195. * Dryden, J ; (1956) â€Å"Preface to Ovid’s Epistles† (1680), in E. N. Hooker and H. T. Swedenberg, Jr. (eds), The works of John Dryden, vol. 1, Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press. * Luke Milbourne, Notes on Dryden’s Virgil (1698 ; rpt. New York and London, 1971) pp. 32, 80, 136 * Dryden : The Critical Heritage, ed. James Kinsley and Helen Kinsley (London and New York, 1971), p. 324 * Joseph Spence, Polymetis (1747; rpt. New York and London, 1976) * The Cambridge Companion to Virgil, (ed. ) Charles Martindale: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 31

Who is Beloved and what is her role or purpose in the novel Beloved?

The character of beloved in the novel by Toni Morrison in his book entitled â€Å"beloved† symbolizes a lot of important ideas which are crucial to a comprehensive understanding of the novel. Taking a look at the context of the story itself, Beloved is seen as an apparition that came back to haunt the woman who was responsible for her death when she was a toddler.The event of her return caused lots of emotional reaction in other characters most especially Paul D and Sethe who as a result of trying to avoid their past were unable to truly know themselves, thus, this prevented them from forming a strong relationship with their children.To be more specific, the characters of Beloved in the novel assisted two other characters namely Paul D and Sethe to resolve their past events. Moreover, to flash back, we can say that Beloved can be understood to be an epitome of the kind of problems which arise between mothers and their daughters that occurs as a consequence of the extreme cruel ty experienced via slavery. On an intense, subliminal level to the characters in the story, the character of Beloved may be considered to be a reminder of the past.The Beloved succeeded in forcing the characters in the novel, especially her mother to first of all understand the pains from her past before beginning to work through it. Her presence caused all of the characters to come to terms with themselves before her departure. Personally, not only do I think this novel asserts the chance of reconciliation of the past or a better understanding of it from a symbolic point of view, I think it also serves some other essential function for the readers as well.It also relates a dramatic, severe and ruthless picture of some of the worst terrors of slavery. Beloved, when viewed symbolically is more than merely a character in â€Å"Beloved† but holds a huge significance as a symbol in the novel as well. All the stories enclosed within the multifarious character of Beloved in this no vel by Toni Morrison, is made of many fragments which cannot be fully comprehended until the end of the novel, At the outset, the reader is made to be believe that Beloved is a ghostly being, who is an incarnate figure of Sethe's slain daughter.But Later, a story was revealed by Stamp Paid of â€Å"a girl locked up by a white man over by Deer Creek. Found him dead last summer and the girl gone. Maybe that's her†. Toni Morrison presented the text afterwards in such a way that both assumptions were well supported. The possibility that Beloved is the slain child is backed by the fact that she sings a song which is known only to Sethe and her other children; Somewhere else, she also speaks of Sethe's earrings although she had not seen them.From my perspective, Beloved being Sethe’s reincarnated child would have helped the characters in the story and it would have helped Sethe to assuage the guilt she feels over the death of her child. I think Morrison's intention in presen ting the story in such manner was to make the readers more active rather than passive and make them work to unravel what is going on. In conclusion, I think the character Beloved in the Novel entitled â€Å"Beloved† by Toni Morrisonis Sethe's child, the third one, who was murdered at the age of one and became a ghost in 124 for up to next twenty years before she was reborn. Although, she was 21 years old in her outward appearance, she has the mind of a toddler. Thus, Beloved was trying to find Sethe's affections as well as a revenge for a murder which she still cannot comprehend. In the novel, she serves as both a character as well as a representation for the past and the sixty-million slaves that were murdered in the Middle Passage. .

Brain Evolution in the Human Species

Brain Evolution in the Human Species Introduction Hominid evolution is marked by a very significant increase in relative brain size. Because relative brain size has been linked to energetic requirements, it is possible to look at the pattern of encephalization as a factor in the evolution of human foraging and dieting (Foley et al., 1991). Major expansion of the brain is associated with the Homo species rather than the Hominidae as a whole, where the energetic costs are likely to have forced prolongation of growth rates and secondary altriciality (Foley et al., 1991). Paleontological evidence indicates that rapid brain evolution occurred with the emergence of Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago and was associated with important changes in diet, body size, and foraging behavior (Leonard et al., 2007). Energy Requirements Extensive energy is required for brain growth and functioning. Parker (1990) analyzes intelligence and encephalization from the perspective of life history strategy theory, which is based on the premise that evolutionary selection determines the timing of major life cycle events-especially those related to reproduction-as the solution to energy optimization problems. Foley and Lee (1991) analyze the evolutionary pattern of encephalization with respect to foraging and dieting strategies. In considering the development of human foraging strategies, increased returns for foraging effort and food processing may be an important prerequisite for encephalization, and in turn a large brain is necessary to organize human foraging behavior. Dietary quality is also correlated with brain size. Foley and Lee (1991) first consider brain size vs. primate feeding strategies, and note that folivorous diets (leaves) are correlated with smaller brains, while fruit and animal foods (insects, meat) are correlated with larger brains. Overall, the genetic costs of brain maintenance for modern humans are about three times that of a chimpanzee. The first dietary shift is seen beginning within the genus Hom o, which began to include meat in the diet. It may be argued that meat-eating represents an expansion of resource breadth beyond that found in non-human primates (Foley and Lee, 1991). Therefore, Homo and its encephalization may have been the product of the selection of capable of exploiting energy- and protein-rich resources as the habitat expanded. While the evolutionary causes of the enlarging human brain themselves are thought to have been due to factors that go beyond diet alone (increasing social organization being prime among the proposed factors usually cited), a diet of sufficient quality would nevertheless have been an important prerequisite. That is, diet would have been an important hurdle, or limiting factor, to overcome in providing the necessary physiological basis for brain enlargement to occur within the context of whatever those other primary selective pressures might have been. Leonard and Robinson (1994: add page numbers for direct quote) conclude: These results imply that changes in diet quality during hominid evolution were linked with the evolution of brain size. The shift to a more calorically dense diet was probably needed in order to substantially increase the amount of metabolic energy being used by the hominid brain. Thus, while nutritional factors alone are not sufficient to explain the evolution of our large brains, it seems clear that certain dietary changes were necessary for substantial brain evolution to take place.

Dra Rod Music The paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dra Rod Music The paper - Assignment Example This especially concerns the most daring and capturing, to my thinking, musicals – those based on rock music, for this form of presentation elevates rock music to a rather sophisticated theatrical level and popularizes it. 2. Probably, the most interesting points in the history of musical are the way relevant social issues were reflected in productions and the gradual shift from mainly dancing and singing (as in early musicals with dominance of music numbers) to the greater role of dramatic component and plot. Here, the period of 1920-1940’s can be mentioned as the time of significant changes, for artistic activity of Cole Porter, George Gershwin and others endowed musical with peculiar American flavor – jazz and ragtime influence, more elaborate librettos etc. However, the most impressive turning point for me was observed in the postwar years with Rodgers and Hammerstein II creating South Pacific (1949), as this production clearly marked transition to a more elaborate dramatic form in musicals with dramatic component placed in the limelight, and singing/dancing used extensively to support development of the plot and communication of relevant issues. Moreover, this musical seems rather d aring and expressive to me in terms of presentation of big social issues such as race and gender relations. 3. Creating a musical, I would concentrate on a topic related to sexism and feminism and express the idea that women in the contemporary society often talk about gender roles when it concerns equal rights. Yet, they don’t mention equal duties. Therefore, the musical be about a feminist who gets to another planet and faces reversed reality with bearded men wearing dresses and going to beauty salons. However, women there have to win bread, to carry heavy bags etc. Our woman will be forced to marry a man of Conchita Wurst type and – after experiencing all the difficulties - she will escape and change her mind. To attract

Mommy Track Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mommy Track - Essay Example Compliance with laws such as these entails additional costs to businesses. At first impression, it would seem that corporate policy should be that employment of women is better avoided than encouraged. However, a study by Cohen & Blanchi (1999) shows a steadily increasing trend of women's labor force participation for the period 1971 to 1997. This leads to the conclusion that although it may cost more to employ women than men, there is relatively no negative impact on the profitability of businesses. Therefore, the higher costs of employing women will have no implications on corporate policy as long as the business benefits derived from women employees offset the costs. Schwartz definition of two types of working women as those who are career-primary and those who are career-and-family is quite accurate. It is therefore desirable for companies to distinguish the different types of career paths followed by female employees. According to Schwartz, career-primary women should be recognized early and accepted so that artificial barriers in their career path to the top may be cleared. In a similar way, career-and-family women should also be recognized and accepted and not be made to choose between career and family. Losing such women from the organization means losing a valuable resource and a competitive advantage. I 3. Do you think there already is such a thing as a mommy track Is the idea of a mommy track a good one Is it somehow discriminatory against women Against men I think there already is such a thing as a mommy track, especially in societies where the traditional roles of male as breadwinner and female as homemaker have been ingrained through centuries. The idea of a mommy track may actually be a good one. According to Quinn in a Newsweek article (2000), a rising proportion of women are choosing motherhood over career. Quinn says that this choice is a result of prosperity. When couples needed two incomes to survive, women had to find jobs. But when couples were able to manage with just one income, women can make the choice of staying at home. In this author's opinion, a mommy track is not discriminatory both for women and men. It is simply another alternative option to choose from. Quinn's article quotes a 32-year old mother of two who says that she does not feel a big need to work because she knows she can if she wants to. 4. Should special organizational arrangements be made for workers who wish to combine careers and child-raising Identify the steps that companies can take to accommodate parental needs more effectively. A company that specifically targets women workers must indeed, make special arrangements to address the needs of such workers, including child-raising concerns. Some steps that companies can take to accommodate parental needs more effectively are: Granting parental leave to increase the ability of families to balance the needs of the workplace and home. According to a study by Ruhm (2002), the first years of life is a critical period for a child and parents

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Data Analysis - Essay Example This indicates that the previous studies were unable to demonstrate differences other than experimental environment. Therefore, Eckel & Grossman (1998) introduced double-anonymous dictator game experiment to collect data to find the core difference of behavior of men and women while undertaking economic decisions (Eckel & Grossman, 1998). The authors of the study undertook testing of the hypothesis that exclaimed no difference between men and women and then the donations were taken under consideration. It was noted that men donated $0.82 on average while the amount was $1.60 among women. The statistical observation marked that p-value was less than 0.01. It is due to this reason that null hypothesis was rejected by further implying median test of the hypothesis (Eckel & Grossman, 1998). The research was able to conclude that women are more selfless in comparison to men. Furthermore, it was also marked that women donate or send out charity double the times of men. The focus of the research was to assess the difference between their economic decisions in order to formulate thesis for further research work. The authors have suggested that a number of studies could be undertaken to find out the factors that might impact the decision making process of both within the context of economic influence (Eckel & Grossman, 1998). Another research entitled ‘Fairness and Retaliation: The Economics of Reciprocity’ conducted by Fehr and Gachter (2000) states that people are more likely to react or behave differently depending upon their self-interest. Herein, reciprocity is defines as an action of a person to be nicer if he or she is approached by a friendly action of another person. This can also be applied in an otherwise situation i.e. if a person becomes unfair then the other person is also predicted to come up with a brutal

Advanced financial Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Advanced financial Accounting - Assignment Example Auckland Int’l Airport handles almost 70% of the international traffic or 13 million passengers annually for New Zealand. (Auckland International Airport, 2013). For this financial analysis, Annual Financial Filings for last three years (FY2012, 2011 and 2010) have been used. These are available on company website http://www.aucklandairport.co.nz. Summarized 3 year financial reports are provided in Appendix 1. Deloitte is the independent auditor for Auckland International Airport. Deloitte in the Audit report mentions that they conduct these audits based on International Standards on Auditing and International Standards on Auditing (New Zealand) and that it is the responsibility of the Company (Auckland International Airport) to prepare and consolidate these reports. In the Annual report of 2012 (Auckland International Airport Ltd., 2012), The Company prepares its financial statements in accordance with NZ GAAP standards. However, the auditors certify that these reports comply with NZ IFRS and other applicable Financial Report Standards, such as IFRS, appropriate for profit-oriented entities. The Company treats cash as Current Assets in accordance with generally accepted good accounting practices. Discussion on this item is relevant to Balance Sheet and Cash Flow statement. The company explains the definition of cash in Note 2h (Auckland International Airport Ltd., 2012, p. 49) as follows: â€Å"Cash in the balance sheet comprises cash on hand, on-call deposits held with banks and short-term highly liquid investments. For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash consists of cash as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts.† According to Note 2j (2012, p. 49), an estimate of impairment for uncollectible amounts is made where there is objective evidence that collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off when

Applied management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied management accounting - Essay Example Furthermore, since its NPV of $20,149.83 is greater than the NPV of Machine 2 therefore we will give it a higher priority because of higher NPV. This equipment has a payback period of 3 years and 11 months therefore it lags behinds in terms of recovering the initial capital expenditure than Machine 2 or Machine 3. However, the payback period is not the ultimate criterion in accepting and rejecting projects therefore we will first look at this project’s NPV. This project has the highest NPV of $169,311.58 therefore we will invest in this Machine as it has the power to add greatest value to the company. However, this is the most risky project as the larger cash flows will be generated during the long-term which are most of the time difficult to exactly predict due to uncertainty. The Net Present Value Method takes into account the time value of the money plus it also determines how much of the wealth will be added to the company’s net worth. Or we can say that it gives us an idea of the profitability of the project The payback period calculates how much time it would take the project to recover the capital expenditure invested in the project. It is useful when the time horizon is short as it becomes vital to know how quickly the investment will be recovered. The payback period does not incorporate the time value of money. Another inherent flaw in this method is that it does not take into account the future cash flows which will be available after the initial expenditure has been

Employment-At-Will Case Essay Example for Free

Employment-At-Will Case Essay Case Example A: Elaine has sued Jerry because Jerry fired her. Elaine was on the job for two months.The job offer letter that Jerry had sent her mentioned the great career opportunities at the company and stated that her annual salary would be $30,000. The company is an employment†at†will employer. Elaine was given no reason for the termination. After the termination, Jerry hired a man named Kramer, who had less job experience and education than Elaine, for the position. Elaine has sued to get her job back. There are legal issues in case example A. These issues will need to be brought up and answered before any decision can be made over this case. A letter was sent to Elaine. Could this be considered a contract? If not, was there a contract involved? If there was a contract involved, is it an executory contract or is it not valid at all? This is an employment-at-will employer, does the employer really need to give a reason for the termination? Ethics in business play a big role in today’s society. Could ethics have been violated by the employer? Is this discrimination against Elaine? Did the employer lower Elaine in to this business with lies to gain something from her? Is this an intentional misrepresentation or fraud? Did Elaine have a certain skill that the employer needed and after the employer got what he needed he fired her? These are short legal questions that will need to be further studied. Elaine’s argument contains legal rules to support her claim. There is printed evidence that can definitely help out Elaine. The job offer letter states that there are great CAREER opportunities at the company. A career is defined as more than a simple job. It is a major part of a person’s life. A job usually last a couple of months. A career is thought of lasting for more than a couple of years. The fact that the term â€Å"career† was used in the letter, it is assumed that this is going to be something more than just a â€Å"job† Another word that was used is annual. The annual salary was said to be $30,000. The term â€Å"annual† also implies that the career that the employer is offering is something that is  long term and not just a two month job. The plaintiff can argue that these were the conditions that were used when she was hired. She sought out this job because she was offered great career opportunities but was never given the â€Å"career† or the opportunity to make $30,000 annually. This could be classified under intentional misrepresentation or fraud because the plaintiff was brought into the business with false statements. Something else that Elaine can argue is that she was discriminated. After she was fired, she was replaced by a man that had less job experience and a lower education than Elaine. Elaine might have been let go because of her sex. This could be a violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The defendant also has a valid argument that he can dispute. This business is an employment at will employer. This means that the employee can be let go at any time for any reason. Elaine knew that this was an employment at will. When she read the letter and accepted the job, she also accepted all the conditions that came along with it. The plaintiff knew that she could be fired any time. This is the defendant’s argument. Based on facts and legal laws, the judge can look over the evidence and rules and make a decision. The employment-at-will doctrine clearly states that the employer can fire the employee at any time for any reason. There are many exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine. In this case, the tort exception and statutory exception can be applied in favor of the plaintiff. The tort exception states that the employee can sue an employer for fraud. Based on the letter Elaine received, she never was given what she was promised. The employer gave the future employee false statements regarding receiving $30,000 annually. The employer also made the employee believe that this was a career when it clearly lasted no more than two months. This is classified under fraud. The statutory exception will be the main exception in this case. The statutory exception states that â€Å"Title VII and other federal state antidiscrimination laws prohibit employers from engaging in race, sex, religious, age, handicap, or other forms of discrimination†. Right after Elaine was fired, a man was hired for that same position with less work experience and a lower education. This is evidence that Elaine was discriminated based on her sex. An employee who was wrongfully discharged can sue the employer for damages. Therefore the plaintiff will win the case. The legal rules that currently apply are fair and reasonable.  Employment-at-will employers exist because in some jobs, the employer needs that flexibility in order to respond to any changes or needs. Sometimes it is necessary to let employees go but the employer should never forget the laws of business and also ethics. Also, adding exceptions like statutory exception and tort exception to this doctrine helps protect employees in case they are ever treated unfair or are ever taken advantage by their employer. The rules that are currently set for now are fair and reasonable and should not be violated. Work Cited Cheeseman, H. R. The legal environment of business and online commerce. (Custom ed.).